Grammar Hub

-었-/-았- | what is -었-/-았-? | Korean past tense marker | usage & examples -었-/-았- is the core past marker in Korean. It attaches to verb and adjective stems and combines with sentence endings to express completed events, past states, and present results of past actions. This article explains the formation rule, common patterns in […]

what is 하지만? This article defines the Korean adversative connector 하지만 and presents practical rules for contrast, exception, and reservation in formal prose. It contrasts 하지만 with neighboring forms such as 그러나, 그렇지만, 그런데, and the clausal suffix -지만. It explains placement, scope, punctuation, and register selection. Definition and scope 하지만 is an independent sentence adverb meaning “however” or “but.” It signals that the […]

What is 습니다/습니까?/ㅂ니다/ㅂ니까? This article presented a complete explanation of the Korean deferential polite endings -습니다 and -ㅂ니다 for statements and -습니까 and -ㅂ니까 for questions, and it organized selection rules, tense and aspect combinations, negation, honorific stacking, register, and frequent learner errors with original examples for clarity. Function and register of the deferential endings  […]